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How Norfolk measures up to Pittsburgh

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MetricNorfolk MSAPittsburgh MSA
Workers Covered by Unions (2018)(1)6.8%15.0%
Union Membership (2018)(1)5.4%14.5%
Population (2019)(2)1,765,0312,317,600
Population Change (2010-2019)(2)3.2%-1.6%
Civilian Labor Force (2019 Annual Average)(3)860,1061,212,371
Combined State and Local Sales Tax(4)6.0%7.0%
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How Virginia measures up to Pennsylvania

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MetricVirginiaPennsylvania
State Corporate Income Tax, 2019 (Effective Tax Rate as a Percent of Net Income Before Federal Income Tax Payments)(5)6.00%9.99%
Unemployment Insurance Tax Rates (2019 est.)(6)0.20%1.10%
Unemployment Insurance Tax per Employee (2019 est.)(7)$90 $515
Workers' Compensation Employer Insurance Costs Per $100 of Payroll (2017)8$0.75 $1.34
Average Industrial Electric Rate (2019)(9)6.24¢/kWh7.20¢/kWh
Average Price of Natural Gas Delivered to Industrial Consumers (2018)(10)$5.08/1,000 cu ft$8.69/1,000 cu ft
Average Commercial Electric Rate (2019)(9)7.58¢/kWh9.36¢/kWh
Average Price of Natural Gas Delivered to Commercial Consumers (2018)(10)$8.08/1,000 cu ft$9.37/1,000 cu ft
Average Annual Cost Paid by Employers for Health Premiums for Family Coverage (2018)(11)$12,916 $15,143
Average Annual Cost Paid by Employers for Health Premiums for Family Coverage as a % of Total Cost (2018)(11)66.2%74.8%
Average Peak Internet Connection Speed (First Quarter 2017)(12)101.8 Mbps93.7 Mbps

1. Union Membership and Coverage Database from the CPS, February 4, 2019
2. American Community Survey
3. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS)
4. http://www.salestaxstates.com/
5. Research Institute of America, Inc., the Tax Foundation, and the Federation of Tax Administrators (Some rates calculated by VEDP)
6. Average Employer Contribution Rates, By State, 2018 Estimates, Employment and Training Administration, United States Department of Labor
7. Average Employer Contribution Rates, By State, 2018 Estimates, Employment and Training Administration, United States Department of Labor (Rates calculated by VEDP)
8. National Academy of Social Insurance, Workers’ Compensation: Benefits, Coverage, and Costs, October 2019
9. 12 months ending 6/30/2018, in cents per kilowatt hour. Edison Electric Institute, Summer 2019
10. In dollars per thousand cubic feet. Energy Information Administration, Natural Gas Annual 2018, September 28, 2019
11. Average family premium per enrolled employee for private-sector employer-based health insurance – employer contribution. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2018 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component (Rates calculated by VEDP)
12. In megabits per second (Mbps). Akamai’s State of the Internet Report, Q1 2017 Report, May 31, 2017[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][/vc_row]